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Gene cloning is the process in which identical copies of a particular gene are manufactured by utilizing molecular biology tools. Gene cloning method requires DNA vector which is small, circular DNA molecule present in bacteria and this DNA vector has natural talent to replicate with fidelity when gene or segment of DNA is inserted into these molecules with in host. Plasmid of bacterium, many plant and animal viruses acts as DNA vector. Few basic steps regarding Gene Cloning are as follows:
- Step 1: Gene that is to be cloned is inserted into DNA vector using a class of manipulation enzymes known as Restriction endonuclease which cuts at specific site on DNA and DNA ligase which is required to join the DNA. This type of DNA is known as Recombinant
- Step 2: The Recombinant DNA molecule get transformed into host which is usually bacterium.
- Step 3: Within the host the Recombinant DNA molecule replicate producing clones of genes that is inserted into vector.
- Step 4: When host cells divides, each cell contains numerous number of Recombinant DNA molecules. This is way by which inserted gene are amplified.
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