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Early estimates of the number of human genes that used expressed sequence tag data put it at 50 000–100 000. Following the sequencing of the human genome and other genomes, it has been found that rather few genes (~20 000 in human, mouse and fly, ~13 000 in roundworm, >46 000 in rice) encode all the proteins in an organism. These protein-coding sequences make up 1–2% of the human genome. A large part of the genome is transcribed however, to introns, retrotransposons and seemingly a large array of noncoding RNAs. Total number of proteins (the Earth's proteome) is estimated to be 5 million sequences
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